Understanding IVAC: Compensation for Crime Victims in Quebec

Quebec replaced its previous crime victims compensation legislation in 2021, and the changes were significant. The list of qualifying offences was broadened, more categories of people became eligible, and the range of assistance was expanded.

Most consequentially for survivors: the **limitation period was removed for claims arising from sexual violence and violence suffered during childhood**. Claims that were previously time-barred may now proceed, which is worth knowing if you were refused years ago.

**Direct victims** of a criminal offence. **Close family members**, including of a person killed by a criminal act. **Witnesses** to an offence who suffered harm as a result. And **people who intervened** to assist someone — a deliberate feature, so that helping does not leave you without recourse.

Each category has its own eligibility rules and covered benefits, so identifying which applies to you is the first practical step.

IVAC is not a prosecution and does not require the offender to be identified, charged or convicted. What it does generally require is that you reported the offence and that it can be established that it occurred.

Where you did not report to police, get advice rather than assuming you are excluded — other evidence can establish an offence, and this is an area where CAVAC and specialised counsel add real value.

Psychological and physical care, rehabilitation, certain income replacement, funeral expenses in death cases, and other assistance measures. The emphasis is on **recovery and care** rather than damages: IVAC does not pay general damages for pain and suffering the way a civil court can.

That distinction matters strategically. A civil claim against an offender, or against a third party such as an institution that failed to protect you, can seek damages IVAC does not cover — and those claims have their own limitation rules.

Refusals commonly concern whether an offence was established, whether the harm is linked to it, late application, or a claimed exclusion. Each requires a different response, so read the decision for the actual ground before replying.

The route is review, then the **Tribunal administratif du Québec**. The period is stated on the decision. CAVAC assists at no cost throughout, and counsel is common in contested files — particularly where psychological harm and its link to the offence are disputed.