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Landlord Tenant

What can a landlord do about rent arrears?

Follow the statutory process precisely — landlords lose more arrears cases on defective notices than on the merits. Serve the prescribed notice, wait the required period, then apply to the tribunal. Self-help of any kind, including changing locks, removing belongings or cutting utilities, is unlawful and exposes you to a tenant claim that can exceed the arrears.

What to do next

  1. Serve the correct prescribed notice

    Ontario uses an N4 for non-payment; Quebec has its own process through the TAL. The form, the amounts stated and the termination date must all be right, and an error usually means starting over.

  2. Understand that payment voids the notice

    In several provinces, a tenant who pays the full arrears before the termination date voids the notice and the tenancy continues. Plan for that rather than treating it as bad faith.

  3. Apply to the tribunal and keep the ledger clean

    File promptly with a clear rent ledger showing every charge and payment. A tidy ledger is the single most useful document you can bring.

  4. Use the Sheriff, never self-help

    Only the Sheriff (or provincial bailiff) can enforce an eviction order. Changing locks, removing property or shutting off services is illegal and gives the tenant a claim against you.

Frequently asked questions

How long does an eviction for arrears take?

It varies by province and current tribunal backlogs, and is usually longer than landlords expect. Filing promptly and with correct paperwork is the main thing within your control.

Can I change the locks?

No. Self-help eviction is unlawful everywhere in Canada and exposes you to compensation orders that can exceed the arrears owed.

Can I accept partial payment?

You can, but in some provinces accepting payment can affect the notice. Get advice before accepting partial payment mid-process, and document what it is applied to.

Can I still recover arrears after the tenant leaves?

Yes — through the tribunal where it has jurisdiction, or small claims court. A judgment still needs enforcement, so assess collectability first.

This is general information, not legal advice. Laws vary by location and every situation is different — speak with a qualified lawyer about your specific circumstances.

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